The Growing Child
- Growth Patterns
- most times controlled by genetics, however unhelathy environment can have a negative impact
- from age 6 to the onset of adolescents, growth slows but sill increases steadily. When physcial growth is rapid, the ability to learn new motor skills decreases. Because the growth rate slows during elementary school years, this is an excellent window of time for children to leanr motor skills.
- Children are not little adults, Their proportions are dramatically different than those of adults.
- Body Physique
- A childs physique (somatotype) affects performation
- 3 nmajor physiques
- Mesopmorphy
- Childrn with a mesomorphic body type perform activities bes requiring speed, strength, and agility - such as team sports "A muscled youth"
- ectomorphy
- is extremely thin with minimum muscle development
- Aerobic endurance is better - track, running, cross country
- endomorphy
- is soft and round with excessively protruding belly
- they usually do not do well in anerobic or aerobic activities
- Skeletal Maturity
- Ossicfication of bones - hardening
- skeletal age is a true sign of develpmentand maturity
- a child whos chronological age exceeds their her skeletal age is a slow maturer
- students dsipaly a 5-6 year variations in the normal classroom of skeletal maturity to chronolocgical maturity
- Motor development is different in both gilrs and boys
- Muscular Development & Strength
- muscular strength increase linerly with chronological age until adolescents
- there is not differnce in lower body strength
- Skeltal muscle tissue
- Fast Twitch fibers
- slow contracting fibers
- Relative Strength and motor Performance
- Strength in relation to body size- thus overweight chilkdren are less pfient at performing motor skills
- Aerobic capacity - children are not little adults
- Maximal Aerobic Power is a person max ability of using o2 in the body for metabolic purposes. Max aerobic is closely related to lean body mass.
- Aerobic training in choldren under 12, showed little increase in training desgined to improve aerobics
- Overweight children and physical performance
- Overwight children reuire more o2 during exercise
- Overwieght children needs adjusted workloads
- Workloads she be on time NOT DISTANCE
- z
Teaching Specialized Motor skills
- Allow students to learn all skills and play all positions
- Ensure success for all students
- pERCEIVED COMPETENCE
- assume all students have ability to achieve
- nO NEGATIVE STEROTYPING
- starting young does not ensue excellence
- ACTUALLY LEADS TO BURNOUT or false sense of accomplishment when they 1st experience failure
- Excessive Etrinsic rewards may effect intrinsic motivation
- encourage participation for sheer enjoyment
- encourage a wide variery of sports
- A
Safe Physical activity for Children
- Physical Activity in the heat
- Children have higher surface levelper mass ratio. Children have more skin area to transfer heat
- Whjen walking or running, a child produces more metabolic heat than an dult
- Sweating capacity is not as great for choldren, resulting in decreased abilityu to cool body
- The ability of the blood to convey heat from body; heart does not pump as much blood
- physiological disadvantages of children
- reduce intesntiy in humidity
- control instensity and duration when traveling to a warmer climate
- be sure children hydrate - 1/2 cup of water every 20 minutes
- clothing light weight and limited layers; no rubberized suits
- Distance running
- under 12, no more than 1/2 mile or 800 meters
- Fitness testing conditions
- Elimnate mile run for pacer aerobic fitness test
- 4 to 6 weeks to build upto half mile
- Resistance Training
- pre-puberty can use resistance training to get stronger
- pre-puberty may increase strength through motor learning instead of muscular hypotrophy
- resistance training
- barbells, dumbbells, rubber bands, medicine balls, body weight and machine resistance much differeent than weight lifting and power lifting
- safety is number 1 priority
- All workouts shopuld be closely supervised by qualified adults
- each child should be ready to follow instructions - encourage students to ask questions
- student should warm up 5 to 10 minutes bfore strngth training
- students should start with 1 light set of 10 to 15 reps
- increase weight gradually
- progression through gradual increasing of sets, exercising, and training
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